Explanatory Notes * At the range mid-point, this is the probability students would correctly answer items measuring these concepts and skills. Both data from test items and review by NWEA curriculum specialists are used to place Learning Continuum statements into appropriate RIT ranges. Blank cells indicate data are limited or unavailable for this range or document version. Generated 8/7/14, 9:50:06 PM © 2006-2014 Northwest Evaluation Association. All rights reserved. Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 1 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: < 161 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) < 161 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 161 - 170 Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable

Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 1 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: < 161 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) < 161 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 161 - 170 Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable Explanatory Notes * At the range mid-point, this is the probability students would correctly answer items measuring these concepts and skills. Both data from test items and review by NWEA curriculum specialists are used to place Learning Continuum statements into appropriate RIT ranges. Blank cells indicate data are limited or unavailable for this range or document version. Generated 8/7/14, 9:50:06 PM © 2006-2014 Northwest Evaluation Association. All rights reserved. Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 2 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 161 - 170 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) < 161 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 161 - 170 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 171 - 180 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None

Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 2 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 161 - 170 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) < 161 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 161 - 170 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 171 - 180 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None Explanatory Notes * At the range mid-point, this is the probability students would correctly answer items measuring these concepts and skills. Both data from test items and review by NWEA curriculum specialists are used to place Learning Continuum statements into appropriate RIT ranges. Blank cells indicate data are limited or unavailable for this range or document version. Generated 8/7/14, 9:50:06 PM © 2006-2014 Northwest Evaluation Association. All rights reserved. Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 3 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 171 - 180 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) 161 - 170 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 171 - 180 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 181 - 190 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Solves basic facts addition and subtraction open sentences using diagrams and models (e.g., using balances) • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Identifies transformations of plane figures (translations/slides) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: × multiplication

Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 3 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 171 - 180 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) 161 - 170 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 171 - 180 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 181 - 190 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Solves basic facts addition and subtraction open sentences using diagrams and models (e.g., using balances) • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Identifies transformations of plane figures (translations/slides) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: + addition, = is equal to, - subtraction, variable New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: × multiplication Explanatory Notes * At the range mid-point, this is the probability students would correctly answer items measuring these concepts and skills. Both data from test items and review by NWEA curriculum specialists are used to place Learning Continuum statements into appropriate RIT ranges. Blank cells indicate data are limited or unavailable for this range or document version. Generated 8/7/14, 9:50:06 PM © 2006-2014 Northwest Evaluation Association. All rights reserved. Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 4 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 181 - 190 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) 171 - 180 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 181 - 190 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 191 - 200 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Solves basic facts addition and subtraction open sentences using diagrams and models (e.g., using balances) • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Solves whole number subtraction word problems with numbers over 1000 • Evaluates numerical expressions using grouping symbols (whole numbers only) • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Computes half price (multiplication/division) • Uses algebraic reasoning to solve problems involving equality relationships • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers over 100) • Solves simple open sentences with missing factors (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 2-step open sentences with missing addends • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Identifies transformations of plane figures (translations/slides) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by objects or diagrams • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Completes a simple function table based on real-life situations (e.g., the number of tricycles related to the number of wheels) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: × multiplication New Vocabulary: longer New Signs and Symbols: ( ) order of operations, ÷ division, $ dollar sign

Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 4 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 181 - 190 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) 171 - 180 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 181 - 190 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 191 - 200 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Represents a basic facts addition problem with a number sentence • Solves basic-facts open sentences - addition and subtraction • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves basic facts open sentences - multiplication and division • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole number expressions (e.g., 15 + 5 = 10 + 10) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Solves basic facts addition and subtraction open sentences using diagrams and models (e.g., using balances) • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Solves whole number subtraction word problems with numbers over 1000 • Evaluates numerical expressions using grouping symbols (whole numbers only) • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Computes half price (multiplication/division) • Uses algebraic reasoning to solve problems involving equality relationships • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers over 100) • Solves simple open sentences with missing factors (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 2-step open sentences with missing addends • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Identifies transformations of plane figures (translations/slides) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by objects or diagrams • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Completes a simple function table based on real-life situations (e.g., the number of tricycles related to the number of wheels) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: None New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: × multiplication New Vocabulary: longer New Signs and Symbols: ( ) order of operations, ÷ division, $ dollar sign Explanatory Notes * At the range mid-point, this is the probability students would correctly answer items measuring these concepts and skills. Both data from test items and review by NWEA curriculum specialists are used to place Learning Continuum statements into appropriate RIT ranges. Blank cells indicate data are limited or unavailable for this range or document version. Generated 8/7/14, 9:50:06 PM © 2006-2014 Northwest Evaluation Association. All rights reserved. Please refer to the DesCartes Use Agreement for terms of use. Educational Standard: Common Core Mathematics K-12: 2010 Page 5 of 21 DesCartes: A Continuum of Learning® Mathematics RIT Score Range: 191 - 200 Statements Last Updated: Aug 4, 2014 Goal: Operations and Algebraic Thinking Skills and Concepts to Enhance (73% Probability*) 181 - 190 Skills and Concepts to Develop (50% Probability*) 191 - 200 Skills and Concepts to Introduce (27% Probability*) 201 - 210 Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations Expressions and Equations • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Solves basic facts addition and subtraction open sentences using diagrams and models (e.g., using balances) • Solves linear equations with basic facts - 1-step addition using a letter for the variable • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Writes a number sentence for a simple problem solving situation • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) • Solves real-world whole number problems involving subtraction with numbers under 1000 • Solves whole number subtraction word problems with numbers over 1000 • Evaluates numerical expressions using grouping symbols (whole numbers only) • Demonstrates an understanding of the zero property of multiplication • Computes half price (multiplication/division) • Uses algebraic reasoning to solve problems involving equality relationships • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers over 100) • Solves simple open sentences with missing factors (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 2-step open sentences with missing addends • Writes equivalent forms of whole numbers 11 to 20 using addition (e.g., 14 = 7 + 7) • Uses rounding to estimate answers to 2-step problems involving money (using decimals) • Solves whole number subtraction word problems with numbers over 1000 • Evaluates numerical expressions using grouping symbols (whole numbers only) • Demonstrates an understanding of the commutative property of addition • Understands equivalence and extends the concept to number sentences involving variables (e.g., 8 + 2 = [] + 2) • Uses algebraic reasoning to solve problems involving equality relationships • Uses simple linear equations to represent problem situations • Describes a realistic situation using information given in a linear equation • Solves 1-step open sentences with missing addends (numbers over 100) • Solves simple open sentences with missing factors (numbers 100 and under) • Solves 2-step open sentences with missing addends • Solves open sentences with basic-facts calculations on both sides of the sentence • Translates a 2-step problem to a symbolic expression or equation • Solves real-world problems using reasoning strategies Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships Use Functions to Model Relationships • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by numbers • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Identifies transformations of plane figures (translations/slides) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by objects or diagrams • Analyzes a growing, arithmetic pattern with numbers to determine the rule • Completes a simple function table based on real-life situations (e.g., the number of tricycles related to the number of wheels) • Reads data in a line graph - no calculations • Extends a growing arithmetic pattern, defined by objects or diagrams • Completes a simple function table based on real-life situations (e.g., the number of tricycles related to the number of wheels) • Completes a function table given a simple rule (e.g., x + 2) • Predicts from simple charts and tables New Vocabulary: None New Signs and Symbols: × multiplication New Vocabulary: longer New Signs and Symbols: ( ) order of operations, ÷ division, $ dollar sign New Vocabulary: minimum, plus New Signs and Symbols: °C degrees Celsius, = is equal to, min minute, - negative number, p.m., + positive number